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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(10): 1267-1274, oct. 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-731658

ABSTRACT

Background: During 2009, new guidelines for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis were published by the American Diabetes Association. Aim: To assess the impact of new treatment guidelines on the evolution of patients treated for diabetic ketoacidosis (KAD). Patients and Methods: Anonymous data was obtained from computational medical records of patients treated for KAD at our institution two years before (“Traditional Protocol”) and TWO years after (“ADA-2009 Protocol”) the publication of the 2009 American Diabetes Association (ADA) KAD guidelines. Results: Twenty three patients aged 36.5 ± 15.1 years were treated with the traditional method and 23 patients aged 44.4 ± 21.1 years were treated following 2009 ADA guidelines. Among patients treated with the traditional protocol and treated following ADA 2009 guidelines, the diabetes type 1/type 2 ratio was18/5 and 19/16 respectively (p = NS), the glycosylated hemoglobin on admission was 12.6 ± 2.5 and 14.3 ± 2.7% respectively (p = 0.03), minimal blood pH was 7.15 ± 0.14 and 7.19 ± 0.09 respectively (p = NS), bicarbonate was required in seven and no patient respectively (p = 0.01), hypokalemia < 3.5 mEq/L occurred in 78.2 and 48.5% of patients (p = 0.03), the lapse until resolution was 28.7 ± 28.0 and 28.8 ± 20.6 hours (p = NS). Only one patient, treated following ADA 2009 guidelines, died. Conclusions: Introduction of the ADA-2009 protocol for the treatment of KAD resulted in decrease in the use of intravenous bicarbonate and a reduction in the incidence of hypokalemia. There was no impact neither in the lapse until resolution or lethality.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/drug therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Clinical Protocols , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/mortality , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic use , Societies, Medical
2.
Oman Medical Journal. 2013; 28 (3): 178-183
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-140355

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis and the mortality rate at Benghazi city. A cross-sectional study of the records of all patients admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis to all Benghazi hospitals [governmental and private] between 1st of January and 31st of December 2007. The annual incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis was 41.7 episodes/100,000 populations with a mean age of 33 +/- 20.1 years [2-93]. Around 52% of all the episodes occurred in males and 2.6% of adult Diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in pregnant females. Type-2 diabetics were responsible for 27.7% of all episodes. The commonest precipitating factor in the whole study group was dose disruption [35%], followed by infection [20%]. The most common presenting symptoms were gastrointestinal, whilst 3.5% of the patients were comatose at presentation. The overall mortality was 11.7% and there was no significant difference in mortality between males and females [11% vs. 12.6%; p=0.6]; however, type-2 diabetics showed a significantly higher mortality rate [29.3% vs. 4.9%; p=0.000]. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a common condition in Libya with a high mortality rate and type-2 diabetics constitute a considerable number of the cases


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/mortality , Incidence , Cross-Sectional Studies
3.
EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2010; 16 (3): 292-299
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-158413

ABSTRACT

This study described the profile of 100 cases of diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA] at a teaching hospital in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. DKA was more frequent in young women with type 1 diabetes and mostly due to preventable causes, e.g. disrupted insulin treatment and/or infection. DKA also occurred in type 2 diabetics, with a higher mortality rate, as they were older patients with co-morbidity. Polyurea, fatigue, abdominal pain and vomiting were the most common clinical features, while coma was rarer. A high number of cases were first presentations of type 1 diabetes; hence this diagnosis should be considered in all patients with acute abdomen or decreased level of consciousness. The reasons for high mortality rate in this study [10%] were multifactorial


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/etiology , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/mortality , Hospitals, Teaching , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Diabetes Complications , Length of Stay , Sex Distribution , Treatment Outcome , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
4.
Oman Medical Journal. 2009; 24 (2): 99-102
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-136934

ABSTRACT

Ramadan is the ninth month on the lunar calendar and it is a holy month for Muslims during which all healthy adults must fast from dawn to sunset. The risk of diabetic ketoacidosis is thought to be higher during Ramadan fasting due to insulin and glucagon alterations. A descriptive retrospective analysis of the records of all patients admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis to all Benghazi hospitals during the lunar year 1428 Hijri [2007-2008]. Fifteen episodes occurred during Ramadan compared to a mean of 19.45 episodes/months during the other lunar months [p<0.001], and there was no significant difference in the mean age [37.6 +/- 10 vs. 38.3 +/- 19, p= 0.8], mortality rate [13.3% vs. 14.4%, p=0.9] or in the length of hospitalization during Ramadan. The commonest precipitating factor for diabetic ketoacidosis during Ramadan was infection [46.6%] followed by miss dosing. There was no increase in the incidence and mortality from DKA during Ramadan which might indicate that Ramadan fasting is not a significant risk factor for diabetic ketoacidosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Incidence , Fasting/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Epidemiology
5.
Annals Abbassi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical and Dental College. 2007; 12 (2): 66-70
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-100570

ABSTRACT

Review and describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis [DKA] in type land type 2 Diabetic patients. We reviewed the medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of DKA in known diabetics and followed their clinical course and outcome. We classified patients as "type 1" and "type 2" diabetes mellitus based on their treatment history. DKA with recent onset of diabetes excluded because of uncertainty of type of diabetes. We compared the groups for precipitating factors, clinical characteristics and outcomes. Sixty-seven patients fulfilled criteria for inclusion in the study. Of 67 patients 44 [65.7%] were male. Twenty [30%] patients had type 2 diabetes. Mean age of type 1 diabetics was 21.6 +/- 6.lyears while type 2 Diabetics were older and had 48.7 +/- 9 years mean age. Body Mass Index [BMI] and duration of diabetes were greater in type 2 Diabetes. A history of prior DKA was noted in 28 patients and all of them were type 1 Diabetics. Infections were the most common precipitating factor in total [41.8%] but in type 2 Diabetes noncompliance was the main precipitating factor. There were 8 deaths in total and mortality rate was apparently higher in type 2 Diabetes. DKA could frequently complicate type 2 Diabetes contrary to belief and carries relatively high mortality


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/mortality , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Precipitating Factors , Body Mass Index , Infections , Patient Compliance , Diabetes Complications
6.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 9(1)ene.-feb. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-461113

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal para caracterizar la morbilidad y mortalidad por cetoacidosis diabética en la sala de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Provincial Manuel Ascunce Domenech de Camagüey, desde junio de 2001 a mayo de 2004. El universo y la muestra fueron de 72 pacientes, predominaron los grupos de edades entre 16 y 35 años (58 por ciento) y el sexo femenino (66.6 por ciento). Las infecciones fueron la primer causa desencadenante (33.3 por ciento), seguida por los errores en la administración del tratamiento (25 por ciento) y como forma de debut de la diabetes (20.8 por ciento). La insulinoterapia (37.5 por ciento) y la combinación de insulina con hipoglicemiantes orales (16.66 por ciento) constituyeron las formas de tratamiento que llevaban más de la mitad de los pacientes. Los vómitos (75 por ciento), el dolor abdominal (54.1 por ciento) y el estupor ligero (50 por ciento) fueron los síntomas y signos más representativos de todos los encontrados con más del 50 por ciento. La hiperglucemia (79.16 por ciento), el bicarbonato sérico bajo (70.83 por ciento) y la acidemia (66.6 por ciento) fueron los hallazgos de laboratorio más evidentes. Sólo el 20.84 por ciento de los pacientes fallecieron, el tromboembolismo pulmonar fue la principal complicación (8.33 por ciento)


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/mortality , Insulin , Morbidity , Pulmonary Embolism
7.
Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 10(2): 124-32, mayo-ago. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-271262

ABSTRACT

Se revisaron los certificados de defunción de los pacientes diabéticos fallecidos en Ciudad de La Habana, durante 1994 y 1995, que obran en poder de la Dirección Nacional de Estadísticas del Ministerio de Salud Pública, para conocer los fallecidos por trastorno metabólico agudo, principalmente la cetoacidosis y evaluar la calidad de la atención médica. Se detectaron 91 fallecidos por este tipo de complicación, de ellos: 39, por cetoacidosis; 35, por hipoglicemia y 17, por coma hiperosmolar. Se comparó con el año 1993 y se observó disminución del número de fallecidos en todos los trastornos metabólicos. Se detectaron 13 pacientes fallecidos por cetoacidosis que al ser verificados en el área, se comprobó una elaboración inadecuada del certificado de defunción por parte del médico de atención primaria. En general, los hospitales con mayor número de fallecidos fueron ®Carlos J. Finlay¼ (23 porciento), ®Miguel Enriquez¼ (19,2 porciento), ®Joaquín Albarrán¼ y ®Salvador Allende¼ (11,6 porciento). Entre los hallazgos necrópsicos en los fallecidos por cetoacidosis (20 casos), las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron nefropatía diabética, 25 porciento; sepsis, 25 porciento y bronconeumonía, 20 porciento. Entre las deficiencias más frecuentemente detectadas por cetoacidosis se encontraron la no utilización del esquema de microdosis de insulina simple y dificultades en la determinación de la hemogasometría y de cuerpos cetónicos en orina. Se concluyó que es necesario continuar incrementando la educación diabetológica del personal relacionado con la atención al diabético, así como mejorar la disponibilidad de la hemogasometría y reactivo de Imbert y amoníaco (o mejor tiras reactivas para cetonuria) e insistir en lograr el llenado correcto del certificado de defunción por el personal médico


Subject(s)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis/mortality , Diabetes Mellitus/complications , Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma/mortality , Hypoglycemia/mortality
10.
Med. interna Méx ; 13(1): 10-6, ene.-feb. 1997. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-226992

ABSTRACT

Es una revisión retrospectiva de los egresos y defunciones que ocurrieron en las unidades hospitalarias del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social de 1980 a 1993. Los diagnósticos de egreso y defunción fueron codificados de acuerdo con la lista tabular de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades. Se consideraron el número de casos, egresos y defunciones por grupo de edad y sexo. Se calcularon tasas específicas por 1,000 egresos y por 100 defunciones hospitalarias. La tendencia fue calculada a través del análisis de regresión por mínimos cuadrados. Los resultados del análisis mostraron que la cetoacidosis representó el 3.02 y 6.47 por ciento del total de egresos y defunciones por diabetes y el 1.07 y 5.60 por ciento respectivamente en coma diabético. La tendencia de ambas afecciones mostró una reducción no significativa durante el periodo analizado. Los pacientes menores de 24 años de edad fueron el grupo predominante en los egresos por cetoacidosis y coma, pero en mortalidad los grupos de 25 a 34 años, y menores de 1 año y de 35 a 44 años en cetoacidosis y coma fueron los más representativos. En ambos grupos hubo un predominio en el sexo femenino (56 por ciento). El análisis del promedio de días de estancia hospitalaria no mostró cambios significativos durante este tiempo, aunque los casos de muerte en ambas enfermedades mostraron los promedios más bajos. Estos hallazgos indican que las complicaciones agudas no representan un problema mayor en la casuística de la diabetes mellitus, aunque un mejor control podría disminuir su frecuencia. Finalmente se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre los resultados del estudio y se toman en cuenta algunos puntos importantes en la fisiopatología, complicaciones y posibles causas de muerte


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/epidemiology , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/physiopathology , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/mortality , Diabetic Coma/epidemiology , Diabetic Coma/physiopathology , Diabetic Coma/mortality , Diabetes Mellitus/complications , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/mortality , Hospital Mortality , Mortality
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